Workflow conversations often mix up three different layers: how we sketch a process, which tools validate the sketch, and what actually runs in production. This post separates those layers by comparing flowcharts, statecharts (FSMs), and BPMN, so you can …

What is a Durable Workflow?#

A durable workflow is a long‑running, stateful business process that automatically remembers where it left off, survives crashes or restarts, and can resume or retry instead of starting over.

Unlike a simple script that runs …

The Think–Act Model of Human Behavior#

Human action for any task can be divided into two main parts:

1. Think#

This involves perception, reasoning, and decision-making. Today, Large Language Models (LLMs) and AI systems are increasingly capable of handling …

What is Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA)?#

The Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) of two nodes in a tree is the deepest (i.e., lowest) node that is an ancestor of both nodes. In other words, it is the shared ancestor of the two nodes that is located farthest from …

Why Finite State Machines Are Everywhere: From Software to Human Life#

Finite State Machines (FSMs) are everywhere — whether you are writing software, designing systems, or simply living your daily life. From a login screen that moves from “logged out” to …

If you’re new to the concept of Finite State Machines (FSMs), check out my previous blog post: Why Finite State Machines Are Everywhere: From Software to Human Life. That post explores how FSMs are fundamental to both software systems and real-world …